RESEARCH PAPER
The Effect of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning Environment on EFL Students’ Academic Achievement, Cognitive Load and Acceptance of Mobile Learning Tools
,
 
 
 
More details
Hide details
1
School of Foreign Languages, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana, TURKEY
 
2
Education Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, TURKEY
 
 
Online publication date: 2018-05-11
 
 
Publication date: 2018-05-11
 
 
EURASIA J. Math., Sci Tech. Ed 2018;14(7):2915-2928
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
This study reports on the investigation of the effect of mobile assisted learning environment on academic achievement, acceptance of mobile learning tools and cognitive load of EFL students. This study used a mixed methods approach which involves the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data to identify the effect of mobile learning in a foreign language learning environment. Quantitative data were collected from 63 foreign language learners via an academic achievement test, cognitive load scale and mobile learning tools acceptance scale, before and after a six-week intervention period. Following the intervention, eight students from the experimental group answered open-ended questions about their experience during group interviews. Results showed a significant difference in academic achievement and mobile learning tools acceptance level of students in favor of the experimental group. The study also showed that although the students learning a foreign language in mobile assisted learning environment were not cognitively overloaded, students in the control group were. The themes emerged from the qualitative data point to the positive and negative sides of the mobile-assisted learning environment.
REFERENCES (71)
1.
Ally, M. (2013). Mobile learning: from research to practice to impact education. Learning and Teaching in Higher Education: Gulf Perspectives, 10(2), 1-10.
 
2.
Bahrani, T. (2011). Mobile phones: just a phone or a language learning device? Cross-Cultural Communication, 7(2), 244-248. https://doi.org/10.3968/j.ccc.....
 
3.
Başoğlu, E., & Akdemir, O. (2010). A comparison of undergraduate students’ English vocabulary learning: Using mobile phones and flash cards. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(3), 1–7.
 
4.
Calderwood, C., Ackerman, P. L., & Conklin, E. M. (2014). What else do college students “do” while studying? An investigation of multitasking. Computers & Education, 75, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
5.
Chang, C.-K., & Hsu, C.-K. (2011). A mobile-assisted synchronously collaborative translation-annotation system for English as a foreign language (EFL) reading comprehension. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(2), 155–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/095882....
 
6.
Chen, C. M., & Chung, C.J. (2008). Personalized mobile English vocabulary learning system based on item response theory and learning memory cycle. Computers & Education, 51(2), 624-645, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
7.
Chen, C.-M., & Li, Y.-L. (2010). Personalised context-aware ubiquitous learning system for supporting effective English vocabulary learning. Interactive Learning Environments, 18(4), 341-364, https://doi.org/10.1080/104948....
 
8.
Chu, H.-C. (2014). Potential negative effects of mobile learning on students’ learning achievement and cognitive load - a format assessment perspective. Educational Technology & Society, 17(1), 332-344.
 
9.
Chung, L.-Y., & Chang, R.-C. (2017). The effect of gender on motivation and student achievement in digital game-based learning: A case study of a contented-based classroom. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(6), 2309-2327. https://doi.org/10.12973/euras....
 
10.
Ciampa, K. (2013). Learning in a mobile age: an investigation of student motivation. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 30(1), 82-96, http://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12....
 
11.
Conejar, R. J., & Kim, H-K. (2014). The effect of the future mobile learning: current state and future opportunities. International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications, 8(8), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijsei....
 
12.
Cresswell, J. W. (2015). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. USA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
 
13.
Crompton, H., Olszewski, B., & Bielefeldt, T. (2016). The mobile learning training needs of educators in technology-enabled environments. Professional Development in Education, 42(3), 482-501, https://doi.org/10.1080/194152....
 
14.
Deegan, R. (2015). Complex mobile learning that adapts to learners’ cognitive load. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 7(1), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.....
 
15.
Demouy, V., & Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2010). On the spot: Using mobile devices for listening and speaking practice on a French language programme. The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 25(3), 217–232. http://doi.org/10.1080/0268051....
 
16.
Farley, H., Murphy, A., Johnson, C., Carter, B., Lane, M., Midgley, W., Hafeez-Baig, A., Dekeyser, S., & Koronios, A. (2015). How do students use their mobile devices to support learning? A case study from an Australian regional university. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1. http://doi.org/10.5334/jime.ar.
 
17.
Fernandez-Lopez, A., Rodriguez-Fortiz, M. J., Rodriguez-Almendros, M. L., & Martinez-Segura, M. J. (2013). Mobile learning technology based on iOS devices to support students with special education needs. Computers & Education, 61, 77-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
18.
Fleischer, H. (2012). What is our current understanding of one-to-one computer projects: a systematic narrative research review. Educational Research Review, 7, 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edur....
 
19.
Froese, A. D., Carpenter, C. N., Inman, D. A., Schooley, J. R., Barnes, R. B., Brecht, P. W., & Chacon, J. D. (2012). Effects of classroom cell phone use on expected and actual learning. College Student Journal, 46(2), 323-332.
 
20.
Gingerich, A. C., & Lineweaver, T. T. (2014). OMG! texting in class = u fail :( empirical evidence that text messaging during class disrupts comprehension. Teaching of Psychology, 41(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/009862....
 
21.
Godwin-Jones, R. (2011). Emerging technologies mobile apps for language learning. Language Learning & Technology, 15(2), 2-11.
 
22.
Griffiths, M. (2013). Adolescent mobile phone addiction: a cause for concern. Education and Health, 31(3), 76-78.
 
23.
Hadlington, L. J. (2015). Cognitive failures in daily life: Exploring the link with Internet addiction and problematic mobile phone use. Computers in Human Behaviour, 51, 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.....
 
24.
Hanafi, H. F., & Samsudin, K. (2012). Mobile learning environment system (MLES): The case of Android-based learning application on undergraduates’ learning. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 3(3), 63-66.
 
25.
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). To excel or not to excel: Strong evidence on the adverse effect of smartphone addiction on academic performance. Computers & Education, 98, 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
26.
Homer, B. D., Plass, J. L., & Blake, L. (2008). The effects of video on cognitive load and social presence in multimedia-learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 786–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.....
 
27.
Hsu, C-K., Hwang, G-J., & Chang, C-K. (2013). A personalized recommendation-based mobile learning approach to improving the reading performance of EFL students. Computers & Education, 63, 327-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
28.
Hu, Z., & McGrath, I. (2011). Innovation in higher education in China: are teachers ready to integrate ICT in English language teaching? Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 20(1), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/147593....
 
29.
Huang, C. S. J., Yang, S. J. H., Chiang, T. H. C. & Su, A. Y. S. (2016). Effects of situated mobile learning approach on learning motivation and performance of EFL students. Educational Technology & Society, 19(1), 263-276.
 
30.
Huang, Y. M., Lin, Y. T., & Cheng, S. C. (2010). Effectiveness of a mobile plant learning system in a science curriculum in Taiwanese elementary education. Computers & Education, 54(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
31.
Huang, Y-H. (2018). Influence of instructional design to manage intrinsic cognitive load on learning effectiveness. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(6), 2653-2668. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmst....
 
32.
Hwang, G.-J., & Chang, S.-C. (2015). Effects of a peer competition-based mobile learning approach on students’ affective domain exhibition in social studies courses. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(6), 1217-1231. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.1....
 
33.
Hwang, W. Y., Shih, T. K., Ma, Z. H., Shadiev, R., & Chen, S. Y. (2016). Evaluating listening and speaking skills in a mobile game-based learning environment with situational contexts. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(4), 639-657. https://doi.org/10.1080/095882....
 
34.
Hwang, W.-Y., Huang, Y.-M., Shadiev, R., Wu, S.-Y., & Chen, S.-L. (2014). Effects of using mobile devices on English listening diversity and speaking for EFL elementary students. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 30(5), 503-516. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.....
 
35.
Ivić, V., & Jakopec, T. (2016). Using mobile application in foreign language learning: a case study. Libellarium, 9(2), 217-230. https://doi.org/10.15291/libel....
 
36.
Jin, W., & Zhirui, D. (2017). Research on mobile learning model of college English based on WeChat platform. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(8), 5847-5853. https://doi.org/10.12973/euras....
 
37.
Kalyuga, S., Ayres, P., Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (2003). The expertise reversal effect. Educational Psychologist, 38(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326....
 
38.
Kılıç, E., & Karadeniz, Ş. (2004). Hiper ortamlarda öğrencilerin bilişsel yüklenme ve kaybolma düzeylerinin belirlenmesi, (Specifying students’ cognitive load and disorientation level in hypermedia). Journal of Educational Administration in Theory and Practice, 40, 562-579.
 
39.
Kim, D., & Kim, D. (2012). Effect of screen size on multimedia vocabulary learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467....
 
40.
Kim, H.-S. (2013). Emerging mobile apps to improve English listening skills. Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning, 16(2), 11-30.
 
41.
Klatzky, R. L., Wu, B., Shelton, D., & Stetten, G. (2008). Effectiveness of augmented reality visualization versus cognitive mediation for learning actions in near space. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP), 5(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1145/127964....
 
42.
Kuznekoff, J. H., & Titsworth, S. (2013). The impact of mobile phone usage on student learning. Communication Education, 62(3), 233-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/036345....
 
43.
Liaw, S-S., Hatala, M., & Huang, H-M. (2010). Investigating acceptance toward mobile learning to assist individual knowledge management: Based on activity theory approach. Computers & Education, 54, 446-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
44.
Lin, M.-H., Chen, H.-C., & Liu, K.-S. (2017). A study of the effects of digital learning on learning motivation and learning outcome. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3553-3564. https://doi.org/10.12973/euras....
 
45.
Liu, T.-Y., & Chu, Y.-L. (2010). Using ubiquitous games in an English listening and speaking course: Impact on learning outcomes and motivation. Computers & Education, 55(2), 630-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
46.
Lu, T., & Yang, X. (2018). Effects of the visual/verbal learning style on concentration and achievement in mobile learning. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(5), 1719-1729. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmst....
 
47.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
 
48.
Milutinović, M., Labus, A., Stojilkovic, V., Bogdanovic, Z., & Despotovic-Zrakic, M. (2015). Designing a mobile language learning system based on lightweight learning objects. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042....
 
49.
Motiwalla, L. F. (2007). Mobile learning: A framework and evaluation. Computers & Education, 49(3), 581-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
50.
Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. PNAS, 106(37), 15583-15587. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0....
 
51.
Ozer, O., & Kılıç, F. (2017). Mobil öğrenme araçlarını kabul ölçeği: geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması (The mobile learning tools acceptance scale: development and validation). Turkish Studies, 12(25), 577-588, https://doi.org/10.7827/Turkis....
 
52.
Paas, F., & Ayres, P. (2014). Cognitive load theory: A broader view on the role of memory in learning and education. Educational Psychology Review, 26(2), 191-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648....
 
53.
Paas, F., & Merrienboer, J. J. G. (1993). The efficiency of instructional conditions: an approach to combine mental effort and performance measures. Human Factors, 35(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/001872....
 
54.
Paas, F., Tuovinen, J. E., Tabbers, H., & Van Gerven, P. W. M. (2003). Cognitive load measurement as a means to advance cognitive load theory. Educational Psychologist, 38(1), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326....
 
55.
Paas, F., van Gog, T., & Sweller, J. (2010). Cognitive load theory: new conceptualizations, specifications, and integrated research perspectives. Educational Psychology Review, 22, 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648....
 
56.
Pegrum, M., Oakley, G., & Faulkner, R. (2013). Schools going mobile: A study of the adoption of mobile handheld technologies in Western Australian independent schools. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 29(1), 66-81. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.....
 
57.
Rogers, K. D. (2011). Mobile learning devices. United States of America: Solution Tree Press.
 
58.
Salvetti, F., & Bertagni, B. (2016). Interactive holograms and tutorials in healthcare education: Case studies from the e-REAL® experience. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning, 9(2), 13-19, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v....
 
59.
Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 321-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.....
 
60.
Shadiev, R., Hwang, W.-Y., Huang, Y.-M., & Liu, T.-Y. (2015). The impact of supported and annotated mobile learning on achievement and cognitive load. Educational Technology & Society, 18(4), 53-69.
 
61.
Soruç, A., & Tekin, B. (2017). Vocabulary learning through data-driven learning in an English as a second language setting. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 17, 1811–1832. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.....
 
62.
Stockwell, G. (2010). Using mobile phones for vocabulary activities: Examining the effect of the platform. Language Learning & Technology, 14(2), 95–110.
 
63.
Sung, Y., Chang, K., & Liu, T. (2016). The effects of integrating mobile devices with teaching and learning on students’ learning performance: A meta-analysis and research synthesis. Computers & Education, 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
64.
Sung, Y.-T., Chang, K.-E., & Yang, J.-M. (2015). How effective are mobile devices for language learning? A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 16, 68-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edur....
 
65.
UNESCO. (2012). Working paper series on mobile learning: turning on mobile learning in Latin America. Paris: UNESCO.
 
66.
Van Merrienboer, J. J. G., & Sweller, J. (2005). Cognitive load theory and complex learning: Recent developments and future directions. Educational Psychology Review, 17(2). http://doi.org./10.1007/s10648....
 
67.
Vazquez-Cano, E. (2014). Mobile distance learning with smartphones and apps in higher education. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 14(4), 1505-1520. http://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2....
 
68.
Wang, R., Wiesemes, R., & Gibbons, C. (2012). Developing digital fluency through ubiquitous mobile devices: findings from a small-scale study. Computers & Education, 58(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
 
69.
Wang, S., & Smith, S. (2013). Reading and grammar learning through mobile phones. Language Learning & Technology, 17(3), 117–134.
 
70.
Wong, A., Leahy, W., Marcus, N., & Sweller, J. (2012). Cognitive load theory, the transient information effect and e-learning. Learning and Instruction, 22(6), 449-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lear....
 
71.
Zheng, Q., Chen, T., & Kong, D. (2017). An empirical study on context awareness integrated mobile assisted instruction and the factors. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(6), 1737-1747. https://doi.org/10.12973/euras....
 
eISSN:1305-8223
ISSN:1305-8215
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top